Researchers will study the impact of a parasitic fly on the health of Ridgway's hawks and develop long-term treatment and control strategies to ensure survival of this critically endangered raptor species.

Researchers will study a new, long-term method to reduce botfly infestations in Ridgway's hawk nests, a direct cause of high nestling mortality in this species.

This study investigates the efficacy and potential adverse effects of a long-acting antibiotic - ceftiofur crystalline-free acid - in red-tailed hawks.